Early retirement
You can take an early old-age pension at most three years before your retirement age, and only with a long enough insurance period. The pension is permanently reduced for each started 90 days; with a long insurance period the reduction is halved.
Two conditions
You qualify for an early old-age pension if you hold at least 40 years of insurance and are at most 3 years short of your retirement age. Both must hold at once, and the insurance requirement is longer than for an ordinary pension, where 35 years is enough.
The reduction is permanent
Retiring early reduces the percentage amount for each started 90 calendar days between the award date and your retirement age. The standard rate is 1,5 % of the calculation base. If you hold at least 45 years of insurance counted on the statute’s narrower list, the rate is halved to 0,75 %.
“Started” is doing real work in that sentence: 91 days costs the same as 180. And the reduction is permanent — reaching the ordinary retirement age does not restore the pension to its unreduced level.
There is no statutory ceiling on the reduction. What bounds the outcome instead is a floor: even after the reduction, the percentage amount may not fall below 4 900 Kč.
Uprating of an early pension
A separate rule applies: an early old-age pension awarded after 30 September 2023 receives only the basic-amount part of the annual uprating until its holder reaches the ordinary retirement age. The percentage amount is not uprated in that window.